
Kost som behandlingsmetod för vuxna med autism eller adhd
Sammanställning av systematiska översikter från SBU:s upplysningstjänst
Fråga
Vilken sammanställd forskning finns om effekter av kostinterventioner och kosttillskott på symtom hos vuxna personer diagnostiserade med autism eller adhd?
Frågeställare: Dietist, Region Jönköping
Sammanfattning
Kunskapsläget
- Vi har inte identifierat någon välgjord systematisk översikt som undersöker effekter av specifik eller ändrad kost, kosttillskott eller andra kostinterventioner på symtom hos vuxna med autism eller adhd.
Vad betyder det här?
Det saknas systematiska översikter som studerat effekter av förändrad kost, kosttillskott eller andra typer av kostinterventioner på symtom vid autism eller adhd hos vuxna.
Att resultat saknas ska inte tolkas som att kostinsatser saknar effekt. Det betyder att det behövs forskning för att förbättra kunskapsläget.
Bakgrund
Bakgrund
Autism och adhd är två neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar som har sin grund i hur hjärnan fungerar och utvecklas, särskilt vad gäller:
- uppmärksamhet
- impulskontroll
- socialt samspel
Tillstånden kan ge konsekvenser på flera aspekter i det dagliga livet, bland annat:
- kosthållning
- dygnsrytm
- svårigheter att bibehålla rutiner.
Det finns ett stort behov av att utvärdera olika typer av behandlingsmetoder som syftar till att förbättra situationen för personer med autism och adhd. Nationella riktlinjer för autism och adhd lyfter vikten av individanpassat stöd och rekommenderar att neuropsykiatriska team vid behov ska innehålla en dietist [1].
Frågeställning
Upplysningstjänsten har tillsammans med frågeställaren formulerat frågan enligt följande PICO1:
- Population: Vuxna med diagnostiserad autism och/eller adhd
- Intervention: Perorala kost- och nutritionsinterventioner (inklusive kosttillskott)
- Control: Ingen behandling eller annan behandling
- Outcome: Symtomförändring via validerade skattningsskalor, viktförändring
Vi inkluderar systematiska översikter publicerade i vetenskapliga tidskrifter samt systematiska översikter från myndigheter och HTA-organisationer, som har publicerats på engelska eller ett av de skandinaviska språken.
1. PICO är en förkortning för patient/population/problem, intervention (insats, behandling)/, comparison/control (jämförelseintervention (insats, behandling)) och outcome (utfallsmått).
Resultat
Vi identifierade inte någon systematisk översikt som bedömdes vara relevant för frågan.
SBU:s kommentarer
- Det finns flertalet systematiska översikter om relevanta interventioner där den studerade populationen uteslutande utgörs av barn och unga. Det finns ett behov av ytterligare studier med fokus på en vuxen population.
Lästips
Under arbetet med denna rapport identifierades en systematisk översikt av Siafis och medförfattare med fokus på effekter av läkemedel och kosttillskott på vuxna och barn med autism. Totalt ingick 143 randomiserade kontrollerade studier i översikten, varav 18 studerade vuxna alternativt både vuxna och barn blandat. I ingen av dessa 18 studier utvärderades dock kosttillskott för en vuxen population [2].
Metod
Sökning
Upplysningstjänsten gör en systematisk sökning i minst två vetenskapliga databaser. Fullständig sökdokumentation finns i Bilaga 1.
Urval
Bedömning av vilka artiklar som är relevanta sker i två steg och utgår från frågeställningen.
- Två utredare läser titel och sammanfattning av alla identifierade artiklar från sökningen, och gör en oberoende bedömning av artiklarnas relevans. Artiklarna som valts ut i steg 1 läses i fulltext av två utredare, som gör en oberoende bedömning av artiklarnas relevans.
Skillnader i bedömningarna löses genom diskussion.
Flödesschema för urval av artiklar finns i Bilaga 2. Exkluderade artiklar finns i Bilaga 3.
Bedömning av risk för bias
Risk för bias i relevanta systematiska översikter bedöms av två utredare, oberoende av varandra. Skillnader i bedömningarna löses genom diskussion.
Vid bedömning används granskningsmallen SnabbSTAR. SnabbSTAR har fem steg, där översikter som uppfyller de krav som ställs i steg 1–4 bedöms ha måttlig risk för bias, och om 1–5 är uppfyllda bedöms risken för bias vara låg.
En översikt som har brister i stegen 1–4 bedöms ha hög risk för bias och redovisas inte eftersom resultaten kan vara missvisande.
SBU:s bedömning av risk för bias finns redovisad i Bilaga 4. Granskningsmallen SnabbSTAR finns i Bilaga 5.
Vetenskapliga kunskapsluckor
Om sammanställd forskning av god kvalitet saknas registreras det som en vetenskaplig kunskapslucka i SBU:s databas över vetenskapliga kunskapsluckor. Kunskapsluckan kan bestå i att forskning helt saknas, att primärstudier finns men att det inte finns någon systematisk översikt, eller att de existerande systematiska översikterna inte bedöms leva upp till kraven för låg eller måttlig risk för bias.
Databasen över vetenskapliga kunskapsluckor kan nås via: https://www.sbu.se/sv/kunskapsluckor-sok/
Projektgrupp
Detta svar är sammanställt av Lisa Andersson (utredare), Eva Bergman (utredare), Sara Fundell (projektadministratör), Emma Wojda (produktsamordnare), Per Lytsy (intern sakkunnig) samt Pernilla Östlund (avdelningschef) vid SBU.
Referenser
- Nationella riktlinjer: Adhd och autism. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2024. Nationella riktlinjer. [accessed Sep 4 2025]. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/contentassets/9477556cf0ce4c9e9ee8310a5f52b642/2024-3-8958.pdf
- Siafis S, Ciray O, Wu H, Schneider-Thoma J, Bighelli I, Krause M, et al. Pharmacological and dietary-supplement treatments for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Mol Autism. 2022;13(1):10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00488-4
Bilaga 1 Dokumentation av sökstrategier
Upplysningstjänsten har gjort sökningar i databaserna Medline (Ovid) och Scopus.
Sökningen har begränsats till systematiska översikter.
Nedan redovisas sökningen som gjorts i de vetenskapliga databaserna.
Medline via OvidSP 26 Jun 25
Search terms | Items found | |
---|---|---|
Population: | ||
1. | exp Neurodevelopmental Disorders/ | 225 272 |
2. | (asd or autis* or adhd or attention deficit).ti,ab,bt,kf. | 131 940 |
Intervention: | ||
3. | exp Food/ or exp Diet/ or exp Meals/ or exp Nutritional Sciences/ or exp Nutrition Therapy/ | 1 849 505 |
4. | ((nutrition* or diet*) adj6 (treatment* or intervention* or therap*)).ti,ab,bt,kf. | 119 573 |
5. | ((diet* or nutrition*) adj3 supplement*).ti,ab,bt,kf. | 77 994 |
6. | (vitamin* or mineral* or carbohydrate* or protein* or fatty acid* or omega-3 or omega-6 or fibre* or keto* or mediterran* or LCHF or antiinflammatory or prebiotic* or probiotic* or amino acid* or antioxidant*).ti,ab,bt,kf. | 5 322 572 |
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis | ||
7. | ((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys*" or metaanalys*).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/)) | 546 310 |
Combined sets: | ||
8. | 1 or 2 | 274 750 |
9. | 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 | 6 557 432 |
10. | 8 and 9 | 20 899 |
Final result | ||
11. | 7 and 10 | 589 |
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp = Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation; .af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase |
Scopus via scopus.com 26 Jun 25
Search terms | Items found | |
---|---|---|
Population: | ||
1. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( asd OR autis* OR adhd OR "attention deficit" ) ) | 236 388 |
Intervention: | ||
2. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( nutrition* OR diet* ) W/ 5 ( treatment* OR intervention* OR therap* ) ) ) | 221 084 |
3. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( diet* OR nutrition* ) W/ 2 supplement* ) ) | 232 797 |
4. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( vitamin* OR mineral* OR carbohydrate* OR protein* OR "fatty acid*" OR omega-3 OR omega-6 OR fibre* OR keto* OR mediterran* OR LCHF OR antiinflammatory OR prebiotic* OR probiotic* OR "amino acid*" OR antioxidant* ) ) | 1 468 448 |
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis | ||
5. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematic W/2 review ) OR "meta analy*" OR metaanaly* ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”)) | 818 203 |
Combined sets: | ||
6. | 2 or 3 or 4 | 1 480 756 |
7. | 1 and 6 | 3437 |
Final result | ||
8. | 5 and 7 | 775 |
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords); ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase |
Bilaga 2 Flödesschema för urval av artiklar.
Bilaga 3 Exkluderade artiklar
Excluded articles | Reason for exclusion |
---|---|
Systematic reviews | |
Al Shahab S, Al Balushi R, Qambar A, Abdulla R, Qader M, Abdulla S, et al. Efficiency of Different Supplements in Alleviating Symptoms of ADHD with or Without the Use of Stimulants: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2025;17(9). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091482 | Wrong population |
Alanazi AS. The role of nutraceuticals in the management of autism. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(3):233-43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.10.001 | Wrong population |
Amadi CN, Orish CN, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Dietary interventions for autism spectrum disorder: An updated systematic review of human studies. Psychiatriki. 2022;33(3):228-42. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22365/jpsych.2022.073 | Relevant results not analysed separately |
Anas Sohail A, Ortiz F, Varghese T, Fabara SP, Batth AS, Sandesara DP, et al. The Cognitive-Enhancing Outcomes of Caffeine and L-theanine: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20828. Available from: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.20828 | Wrong population |
Ansari F, Pourjafar H, Tabrizi A, Homayouni A. The Effects of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Mental Disorders: A Review on Depression, Anxiety, Alzheimer, and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2020;21(7):555-65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200107113812 | Not a systematic review |
Barba-Vila O, Garcia-Mieres H, Ramos B. Probiotics in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of clinical studies and future directions. Nutr Rev. 2025;83(2):329-43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuae010 | Wrong population |
Barbosa RSD, Vieira-Coelho MA. Probiotics and prebiotics: focus on psychiatric disorders - a systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(6):437-50. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz080 | Wrong population |
Barrio C, Arias-Sanchez S, Martin-Monzon I. The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022;137:105640. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105640 | No synthesis |
Bent S, Bertoglio K, Hendren RL. Omega-3 fatty acids for autistic spectrum disorder: a systematic review. J Autism Dev Disord. 2009;39(8):1145-54. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0724-5 | Wrong population |
Bos DJ, van Montfort SJ, Oranje B, Durston S, Smeets PA. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human brain morphology and function: What is the evidence? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26(3):546-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.12.031 | Wrong population |
Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Boscutti A, Viscardi B, Brambilla P. The Role and the Effect of Magnesium in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2020;12(6). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061661 | Wrong population |
Bozzatello P, Brignolo E, De Grandi E, Bellino S. Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Literature Data. J Clin Med. 2016;5(8). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm5080067 | Wrong population |
Bozzatello P, Novelli R, Montemagni C, Rocca P, Bellino S. Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(9). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094824 | Wrong population |
Bozzatello P, Rocca P, Mantelli E, Bellino S. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: What is Their Role in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders? Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(21). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215257 | Wrong population |
Breda V, Cerqueira RO, Ceolin G, Koning E, Fabe J, McDonald A, et al. Is there a place for dietetic interventions in adult ADHD? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022;119:110613. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110613 | Not a systematic review |
Che X, Jong-Hwan C, Shang X, Lv Z. [Retracted] Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Nonpharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Inattention for ADHD: A Network Meta‐Analysis. Complexity. 2021;2021(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9435262 | Not a systematic review |
Choi H, Kim JH, Yang HS, Kim JY, Cortese S, Smith L, et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for irritability in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis with the GRADE assessment. Mol Autism. 2024;15(1):7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00585-6 | Wrong population |
Colak H, Sariyer ET, Nogay NH. The effect of nutritional interventions reducing oxidative stress on behavioural and gastrointestinal problems in autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2023;83(2):135-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jdn.10254 | Wrong population |
Conti MV, Breda C, Basilico S, Luzzi A, Voto L, Santero S, et al. Dietary recommendations to customize canteen menus according to the nutritional and sensory needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Eat Weight Disord. 2023;28(1):66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-023-01590-z | Not a systematic review |
Cook R, Botting D. Use of orthomolecular therapy for those with behavioural problems and mental handicap: A review. Complement Ther Med. 1997;5(4):228-32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0965-2299(97)80035-0 | Wrong population |
Cooper RE, Tye C, Kuntsi J, Vassos E, Asherson P. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29(7):753-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115587958 | Relevant results not analysed separately |
D'Cruz M, Andrade C. Potential clinical applications of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in medicine and neuropsychiatry. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2022;15(9):1067-80. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2022.2121699 | Not a systematic review |
Davies C, Mishra D, Eshraghi RS, Mittal J, Sinha R, Bulut E, et al. Altering the gut microbiome to potentially modulate behavioral manifestations in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;128:549-57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.001 | Wrong population |
Doherty M, Foley KR, Schloss J. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Autism - A Systematic Review. J Autism Dev Disord. 2024. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-024-06449-5 | Relevant results not analysed separately |
Faraone SV, Antshel KM. Towards an evidence-based taxonomy of nonpharmacologic treatments for ADHD. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(4):965-72. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.06.003 | Wrong population |
Farsad-Naeimi A, Asjodi F, Omidian M, Askari M, Nouri M, Pizarro AB, et al. Sugar consumption, sugar sweetened beverages and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2020;53:102512. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102512 | Wrong population |
Feng P, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Li E. A review of probiotics in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders: Perspectives from the gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1123462. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123462 | Not a systematic review |
Firth J, Teasdale SB, Allott K, Siskind D, Marx W, Cotter J, et al. The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry. 2019;18(3):308-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20672 | Not a systematic review |
Freeman MP, Hibbeln JR, Wisner KL, Davis JM, Mischoulon D, Peet M, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(12):1954-67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v67n1217 | Wrong population |
Frye RE, Rossignol D, Casanova MF, Brown GL, Martin V, Edelson S, et al. A review of traditional and novel treatments for seizures in autism spectrum disorder: findings from a systematic review and expert panel. Front Public Health. 2013;1:31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00031 | Not a systematic review |
Gao X, Su X, Han X, Wen H, Cheng C, Zhang S, et al. Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Mental Disorders: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr. 2022;13(6):2217-36. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac084 | Not a systematic review |
Gow RV, Hibbeln JR. Omega-3 fatty acid and nutrient deficits in adverse neurodevelopment and childhood behaviors. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(3):555-90. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.02.002 | Not a systematic review |
Grant WB, Wimalawansa SJ, Holick MF, Cannell JJ, Pludowski P, Lappe JM, et al. Emphasizing the health benefits of vitamin D for those with neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities. Nutrients. 2015;7(3):1538-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7031538 | Not a systematic review |
Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199-226. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095388 | Not a systematic review |
Guo R, Pang J, Zhao J, Xiao X, Li J, Li J, et al. Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1299117. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1299117 | Not a systematic review |
Herrera Mejia J, Ramos-Jimenez A, Jimenez Vega F, Campos Vega R, Gonzalez Cordova AF, Wall-Medrano A. [Functional feeding to alleviate gastrointestinal disorders associated with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review]. Nutr Hosp. 2022;39(3):663-77. Available from: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.03898 | Wrong language |
Iyer SH, Yeh MY, Netzel L, Lindsey MG, Wallace M, Simeone KA, et al. Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders, Affective Disorders and Cognitive Impairment Comorbid with Epilepsy: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Nutrients. 2024;16(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040553 | Not a systematic review |
Jiang Y, Dang W, Nie H, Kong X, Jiang Z, Guo J. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1238973. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238973 | Relevant results not analysed separately |
Johnstone JM, Hughes A, Goldenberg JZ, Romijn AR, Rucklidge JJ. Multinutrients for the Treatment of Psychiatric Symptoms in Clinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2020;12(11). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113394 | Relevant results not analysed separately |
Kandeel M, El-Deeb W. The Application of Natural Camel Milk Products to Treat Autism-Spectrum Disorders: Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2022;2022:6422208. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6422208 | Not a systematic review |
Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Reissmann A. Diet and food in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Future Foods. 2022;2(2):112-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.03.008 | Wrong population |
Lee JC, Chen CM, Sun CK, Tsai IT, Cheng YS, Chiu HJ, et al. The therapeutic effects of probiotics on core and associated behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2024;18(1):161. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-024-00848-3 | Relevant results not analysed separately |
Liu J, Wan GB, Huang MS, Agyapong G, Zou TL, Zhang XY, et al. Probiotic Therapy for Treating Behavioral and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Curr Med Sci. 2019;39(2):173-84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-019-2016-4 | Wrong population |
Liu TH, Wu JY, Huang PY, Lai CC, Chang JP, Lin CH, et al. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Core Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2023;84(5). Available from: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.22r14772 | Wrong population |
Liu Y, Yang Z, Du Y, Shi S, Cheng Y. Antioxidant interventions in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2022;113:110476. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110476 | Wrong population |
Lyra L, Rizzo LE, Sunahara CS, Pachito DV, Latorraca COC, Martimbianco ALC, et al. What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about interventions for autism spectrum disorders? Sao Paulo Med J. 2017;135(2):192-201. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0058200317 | Not a systematic review |
Mari-Bauset S, Zazpe I, Mari-Sanchis A, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Morales-Suarez-Varela M. Evidence of the gluten-free and casein-free diet in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. J Child Neurol. 2014;29(12):1718-27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073814531330 | Wrong population |
Mihic T, Rainkie D, Wilby KJ, Pawluk SA. The Therapeutic Effects of Camel Milk: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Trials. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016;21(4):NP110-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587216658846 | Wrong population |
Millward C, Ferriter M, Calver SJ, Connell-Jones GG. WITHDRAWN: Gluten- and casein-free diets for autistic spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;4(4):CD003498. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003498.pub4 | Wrong population |
Moshfeghinia R, Sanaei E, Mostafavi S, Assadian K, Sanaei A, Ayano G. The effects of L-theanine supplementation on the outcomes of patients with mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):886. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06285-y | Wrong population |
Nikfarjam M, Heidari-Soureshjani S, Rostamian S, Kasiri K. The Biochemical Effects of Resveratrol Intake on the Neurobehavioral Aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2025. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715249387274250521054238 | Wrong outcome |
Noreen S, Anmol S, Fatima S, Sattar R, Yameen Z, Arshad S, et al. Emerging Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) on Human Brain Development and Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2024;8(12). Available from: https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i12.3 | Not a systematic review |
Nye C, Brice A. Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002(4):CD003497. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003497 | Wrong population |
Nye C, Brice A. Combined vitamin B6-magnesium treatment in autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;2005(4):CD003497. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003497.pub2 | Wrong population |
Omidkhoda SF, Hosseinzadeh H. Saffron and its active ingredients against human disorders: A literature review on existing clinical evidence. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25(8):913-33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2022.63378.13985 | Not a systematic review |
Ortega RM, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lopez-Sobaler AM. Effects of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation in behavior and non-neurodegenerative neuropsychiatric disorders. Br J Nutr. 2012;107 Suppl 2:S261-70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200164X | Wrong population |
Pratt M, Wieland S, Ahmadzai N, Butler C, Wolfe D, Pussagoda K, et al. A scoping review of network meta-analyses assessing the efficacy and safety of complementary and alternative medicine interventions. Syst Rev. 2020;9(1):97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01328-3 | Wrong population |
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