Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
Motor training for children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder
Developmental coordination disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves various types of motor symptoms, such as clumsiness in gross motor movements and difficulties with fine motor skills and balance. Among other objectives, treatments for children with DCD can focus on addressing their physical difficulties to enhance their participation in everyday activities.
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Question
What systematic reviews have been published regarding the effects of motor training for children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder?
Method
A systematic literature search was performed using the following databases: Medline (Ovid), Scopus och CINAHL.
Two authors independently assessed the abstracts of all identified studies.
Risk of bias in relevant systematic reviews was assessed using an assessment tool based on AMSTAR.
Identified literature
One relevant systematic review with low to moderate risk of bias were identified [1]. The results and conclusions are presented in Table 1. In nine relevant systematic reviews, the risk of bias was considered to be high, therefore the results and conclusions are not reported [2-10].
| CI = confidence interval; MABC = the Movement Assessment Battery for Children; MD = mean difference | ||
| Included studies | Population Intervention Control |
Outcome and Results |
| Miyahara et al, 2017 [1] Task-oriented interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder | ||
| In total 15 studies: 8 RCT and 7 quasi-RCT, n=649 6 studies in meta-analysis |
Population: Children (5–12 years) with DCD. Intervention: Task-oriented interventions (e.g., neuromotor task training/NTT, cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance/CO-OP). Control intervention: Inactive (usual care, waiting list) and active control (e.g., motor skill training and contemporary treatment approach/CTA). |
Task-oriented intervention vs. no intervention Motor function (MABC) (6 studies): Statistically significant smaller motor impairment for intervention compared to control. MD: –3.63 (95% CI, –5.88 to –1.39). Very low quality of evidence. Participation (questionnaires) (2 studies): Statistically non-significant difference compared to inactive controls. |
| Authors' conclusion: “The results of this review are necessarily limited, due to the small numbers of participants in the small numbers of included studies with low quality evidence, substantial clinical heterogeneity across the studies, and a mixture of coherence and incoherence between the outcomes and the interventions.“ … “Taken together, there is some evidence in favour of the relative effects of task-oriented intervention versus inactive control, and no evidence to inform on the relative effects of task-oriented intervention versus any other forms of intervention for children with DCD. We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.” |
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References
- Miyahara M, Hillier SL, Pridham L, Nakagawa S. Task-oriented interventions for children with developmental co-ordination disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD010914. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010914.pub2.
- Hickman R, Popescu L, Manzanares R, Morris B, Lee SP, Dufek JS. Use of active video gaming in children with neuromotor dysfunction: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(9):903-11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13464.
- Mentiplay BF, FitzGerald TL, Clark RA, Bower KJ, Denehy L, Spittle AJ. Do video game interventions improve motor outcomes in children with developmental coordination disorder? A systematic review using the ICF framework. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1381-7.
- O’Dea Á, Robinson K, Coote S. Effectiveness of interventions to improve participation outcomes for children with developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review. Br J Occup Ther. 2019;83(4):256-73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022619866116.
- Pless M, Carlsson M. Effects of Motor Skill Intervention on Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Adapt Phys Activ Q. 2000;17(4):381-401. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.17.4.381.
- Preston N, Magallon S, Hill LJ, Andrews E, Ahern SM, Mon-Williams M. A systematic review of high quality randomized controlled trials investigating motor skill programmes for children with developmental coordination disorder. Clin Rehabil. 2017;31(7):857-70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215516661014.
- Smith BA, Bompiani E. Using a treadmill intervention to promote the onset of independent walking in infants with or at risk for neuromotor delay. Phys Ther. 2013;93(11):1441-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120476.
- Smits-Engelsman B, Vincon S, Blank R, Quadrado VH, Polatajko H, Wilson PH. Evaluating the evidence for motor-based interventions in developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Dev Disabil. 2018;74:72-102. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.01.002.
- Yu JJ, Burnett AF, Sit CH. Motor Skill Interventions in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(10):2076-99. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.12.009.
- Zaragas H, Rogoti A, Sogias K, Mike E, Ntalagiani A. Developmental Coordination Disorders (DCD) and Interactive Games: A Literature Review. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences. 2022;10(6):1245-64. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100616.
Search strategies
Medline via OvidSP 19 Jan 2023
| Search terms | Items found | |
|---|---|---|
| / = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary;.sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp= Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation;.af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent.; Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other.; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase | ||
| Population: Cerebral palsy or developmental coordination disorder in children | ||
| 1. | exp Cerebral Palsy/ | 23 239 |
| 2. | cerebral pals*.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 26 931 |
| 3. | exp Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/ | 6835 |
| 4. | ((hypoxic ischemic or neonatal or infant) adj2 encephalopathy).ab,bt,kf,ti. | 5258 |
| 5. | ((arterial ischemic or arterial ischaemic or neonatal or infant) adj2 stroke).ab,bt,kf,ti. | 1262 |
| 6. | ((intraventricular or cerebral) adj2 (hemorrhage or haemorrhage)).ab,bt,kf,ti. | 18 366 |
| 7. | periventricular leukomalacia.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 2328 |
| 8. | exp Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/ | 10 465 |
| 9. | (middle cerebral artery) adj2 (embolus or infarct* or thrombosis).ab,bt,kf,ti. | 1361 |
| 10. | Hemiplegia/ | 11 932 |
| 11. | Cerebellar Ataxia/ | 5092 |
| 12. | (hemiplegi* or hydrocephal* or ataxi*).ab.bt.kw.ti. | 86 127 |
| 13. | (spastic* or displegi*).ab.bt.kw.ti. | 29 070 |
| 14. | quadriplegi*.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 4536 |
| 15. | Motor Disorders/ | 945 |
| 16. | Motor Skills Disorders/ | 3185 |
| 17. | (developmental coordination disorder or developmental co-ordination disorder).ab,bt,kw.ti. | 1417 |
| 18. | dyspraxi*.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 648 |
| 19. | ((motor or neuromotor or psychomotor) adj4 (impairment* or dela* or disorder*)).ab,bt,kf,ti. | 29 744 |
| 20. | or/1-19 | 210 877 |
| 21. | Pediatrics/ | 57 746 |
| 22. | exp Child/ | 2 120 348 |
| 23. | exp Infant/ | 1 237 790 |
| 24. | Adolescent/ | 2 199 051 |
| 25. | (child or children or infant* or newborn or neonate* or premature or preterm).ab,bt,kw,ti. | 1 991 029 |
| 26. | (adolescent* or teen* or youth or young).ab,bt,kw,ti. | 876 971 |
| 27. | (juvenile or pediatric*).ab,bt,kw,ti. | 452 089 |
| 28. | or/21-27 | 4 906 286 |
| 29. | 20 and 28 | 85 842 |
| Intervention: | ||
| 30. | Occupational Therapy/ | 14 622 |
| 31. | exp Physical Therapy Modalities/ | 175 308 |
| 32. | Physical Therapists/ | 2972 |
| 33. | Early Intervention, Educational/ | 3470 |
| 34. | Physiotherapy.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 24 566 |
| 35. | occupational therapy.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 13 242 |
| 36. | exercis*.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 352 373 |
| 37 | early intervention*.ab,bt,kw,ti. | 22 639 |
| 38. | rehabilitation.ab.bt.kw.ti. | 198 298 |
| 39. | ((Motor or neuromotor or neurodevelopmental or cognitive or task specific or sensory or physical or movement) adj4 (training or therapy or treatment)).ab,bt,kf,ti. | 109 018 |
| 40. | or/30-39 | 757 015 |
| Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis | ||
| 41. | ((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys*" or metaanalys*).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/)) | |
| Combined sets: | ||
| 42. | 29 and 40 | 8470 |
| 43. | 41 and 42 | 422 |
| Final result | ||
| 44. | 422 | |
Scopus via scopus.com 19 Jan 2023
| Search terms | Items found | |
|---|---|---|
| TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords); ALL = All fields W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other. PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words. LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase | ||
| Population: Cerebral palsy or developmental coordination disorder in children | ||
| 1. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "cerebral pals*" ) | 46 392 |
| 2. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( "hypoxic ischemic" OR neonatal OR infant ) W/1 encephalopathy ) | 11 998 |
| 3. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( "arterial ischemic" OR "arterial ischaemic" OR neonatal ) W/1 stroke ) | 1517 |
| 4. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( ( intraventricular OR cerebral ) W/1 ( hemorrhage OR haemorrhage ) ) OR "periventricular leukomalacia" OR hemiplegi* OR hydrocephal*; OR ataxi* OR spastic* OR displegi* OR quadriplegi* ) | 265 360 |
| 5. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "middle cerebral artery" W/1 ( embolus OR infarct* OR thrombosis ) ) | 10 544 |
| 6. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "developmental coordination disorder" OR "developmental co ordination disorder" ) | 2581 |
| 7. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( motor OR neuromotor OR psychomotor ) W/3 ( impairment* OR dela* OR disorder* ) ) | 47 405 |
| 8. | 1 OR 2 OR […] 7 | 360 275 |
| 9. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( child OR children OR infant* OR newborn OR neonate* OR premature OR preterm ) | 4 526 721 |
| 10. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( adolescent* OR teen* OR youth OR young ) | 3 995 743 |
| 11. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( juvenile OR pediatric* ) | 891 953 |
| 12. | 9 OR 10 OR 11 | 7 249 336 |
| 13 | 8 AND 12 | 145 155 |
| Intervention: Motor interventions | ||
| 14 | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "occupational therapy" OR physiotherapy OR "early intervention" OR exercis* OR rehabilitation ) | 1 281 705 |
| 15. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( motor OR neuromotor OR neurodevelopmental OR cognitive OR "task specific" OR sensory OR physical OR "constraint induced" OR movement ) W/2 ( training OR therapy OR treatment ) ) | 246 226 |
| 16 | 14 OR 15 | 1 428 696 |
| Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis | ||
| 17. | TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematic W/2 review ) OR "meta analy*" OR metaanaly* ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”)) | |
| Combined sets: | ||
| 18. | 13 AND 16 | 16 549 |
| 19. | 17 AND 18 | 731 |
| Final result | ||
| 20. | 731 | |
CINAHL via EBSCO 19 Jan 2023
| TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); MH = Exact subject heading, indexed keywords; TX = All text; pan PT = Publication type; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase | ||
| Search terms | Items found | |
|---|---|---|
| Population: | ||
| 1. | (MH "Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Neonatal") OR (MH "Cerebral Hemorrhage") | 8236 |
| 2. | TI ( "cerebral pals*" OR "intraventricular hemorrhage" OR "intraventricular haemorrhage" OR "periventricular leukomalacia" OR hemiplegi* OR hydrocephal* OR ataxi* OR spastic* OR displegi* OR quadriplegi* ) OR AB ( "cerebral pals*" OR "intraventricular hemorrhage" OR "intraventricular haemorrhage" OR "periventricular leukomalacia" OR hemiplegi* OR hydrocephal* OR ataxi* OR spastic* OR displegi* OR quadriplegi* ) OR SU ("cerebral pals*" OR "intraventricular hemorrhage" OR "intraventricular haemorrhage" OR "periventricular leukomalacia" OR hemiplegi* OR hydrocephal* OR ataxi* OR spastic* OR displegi* OR quadriplegi* ) | 46 702 |
| 3. | TI ( (("hypoxic ischemic" OR neonatal OR infant) N1 encephalopathy) OR (("arterial ischemic" OR "arterial ischaemic" OR neonatal OR infant) N1 stroke) OR ("middle cerebral artery" N1 (embolus OR infarct* OR thrombosis)) ) OR AB ( (("hypoxic ischemic" OR neonatal OR infant) N1 encephalopathy) OR (("arterial ischemic" OR "arterial ischaemic" OR neonatal OR infant) N1 stroke) OR ("middle cerebral artery" N1 (embolus OR infarct* OR thrombosis)) ) OR SU ( (("hypoxic ischemic" OR neonatal OR infant) N1 encephalopathy) OR (("arterial ischemic" OR "arterial ischaemic" OR neonatal OR infant) N1 stroke) OR ("middle cerebral artery" N1 (embolus OR infarct* OR thrombosis)) ) | 2740 |
| 4. | TI ( ( "developmental coordination disorder" OR "developmental co ordination disorder" ) ) OR AB ( ( "developmental coordination disorder" OR "developmental co ordination disorder" ) ) OR SU ( ( "developmental coordination disorder" OR "developmental co ordination disorder" ) ) | 1121 |
| 5. | TI ( ( ( motor OR neuromotor OR psychomotor ) N3 ( impairment* OR delay OR disorder* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( motor OR neuromotor OR psychomotor ) N3 ( impairment* OR delay OR disorder* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( motor OR neuromotor OR psychomotor ) N3 ( impairment* OR delay OR disorder* ) ) ) | 10 016 |
| 6. | 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 | 64 107 |
| 7. | TI ( ( child OR children OR infant* OR newborn OR neonate* OR premature OR preterm OR adolescent* OR teen* OR youth OR young OR juvenile OR pediatric* ) ) OR AB ( ( child OR children OR infant* OR newborn OR neonate* OR premature OR preterm OR adolescent* OR teen* OR youth OR young OR juvenile OR pediatric* ) ) OR SU ( ( child OR children OR infant* OR newborn OR neonate* OR premature OR preterm OR adolescent* OR teen* OR youth OR young OR juvenile OR pediatric* ) ) | 1 443 817 |
| 8. | 6 AND 7 | 29 633 |
| Intervention: | ||
| 9. | (MH "Occupational Therapy+") OR (MH "Therapeutic Exercise+") | 91 593 |
| 10. | (MH "Early Childhood Intervention") | 6190 |
| 11. | TI ( physiotherapy OR "occupational therapy" OR exercis* OR "early intervention*" OR rehabilitation ) OR AB ( physiotherapy OR "occupational therapy" OR exercis* OR "early intervention*" OR rehabilitation ) OR SU ( physiotherapy OR "occupational therapy" OR exercis* OR "early intervention*" OR rehabilitation ) | 456 471 |
| 12. | TI ( (motor OR neuromotor OR neurodevelopmental OR cognitive OR "task specific" OR sensory OR physical OR movement) N3 (training OR therapy OR treatment) ) OR AB ( (motor OR neuromotor OR neurodevelopmental OR cognitive OR "task specific" OR sensory OR physical OR movement) N3 (training OR therapy OR treatment) ) OR SU ( (motor OR neuromotor OR neurodevelopmental OR cognitive OR "task specific" OR sensory OR physical OR movement) N3 (training OR therapy OR treatment) ) | 114 434 |
| 13. | 9 OR 10 OR 11 OR 12 | 533 561 |
| Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis | ||
| 14. | ((TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*)) OR (PT "Systematic Review" OR PT "meta analysis"))NOT (MH "Case Studies" OR PT "Commentary" OR PT "Editorial" OR PT "Letter") | |
| Combined sets: | ||
| 15. | 8 AND 13 AND 14 | 493 |
| Final result | ||
| 16. | 493 | |
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