SBU:s upplysningstjänst
Publikation nr: ut202328
Publicerad: 26 juni 2023
Nedladdad: 1 maj 2025
Föräldrastödsprogrammet Komet för placerade ungdomar

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Föräldrastödsprogrammet Komet för placerade ungdomar

Publicerad: 26 juni 2023

Fråga och sammanfattning

Fråga till Upplysningstjänsten

Vilken sammanställd forskning och vetenskapliga studier finns om effekten av föräldrastödsprogrammet Komet för institutionsplacerade ungdomar?

Frågeställare: Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS)

SBU:s upplysningstjänst har efter litteratursökning inte identifierat någon relevant systematisk översikt.

Upplysningstjänsten har identifierat två relevanta artiklar från primärstudier. Studierna har undersökt effekten av ett näraliggande internationellt föräldrastödsprogram, Parent Management Training Oregon, på bland annat beteendestörningar för placerade ungdomar. Primärstudier granskas inte med avseende på risk för bias av Upplysningstjänsten så inga resultat eller slutsatser har redovisats i svaret.

Bakgrund

Ungdomar i behov av stöd inom något av socialtjänstens områden kan ibland behöva placeras i annat boende än hemmet. Den vanligaste placeringsformen i dessa fall är Hem för vård eller boende (HVB), om placeringen sker med vårdnadshavarens eller den unge vuxnes samtycke. Statens institutionsstyrelse driver även 21 särskilda ungdomshem runt om i Sverige.Där vårdas barn och ungdomar upp till och med 20 år som riskerar att skadas av eget missbruk, kriminalitet eller annat socialt nedbrytande beteende och där man bedömt att frivillig vård inte är tillräcklig. År 2020 var 6 000 barn eller unga placerade i HVB [1] och samma år togs 971 barn eller unga in på särskilt ungdomshem under en eller flera perioder [2].

Komet för föräldrar är ett manualbaserat föräldrastödsprogram som bygger på kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) och syftar till att förbättra kommunikationen mellan förälder och barn och därigenom stärka relationen och minska konflikter, vilket även syftar till att förebygga beteendeproblem som missbruk, kriminalitet och psykisk ohälsa [3] [4]. Komet finns i flera olika versioner. Först utvecklades Komet 3–11 som riktar sig till föräldrar med barn mellan 3 och 11 år. Därefter har ett flertal versioner tillkommit: Komet 12–18 eller Ungdoms-Komet för föräldrar till ungdomar, Förstärkt Komet för föräldrar med egen psykosocial problematik, iKomet en internetbaserad Komet, Skol-Komet för lärare och personal inom förskola och skola, samt SiS-Komet vilket baseras på Ungdoms-Komet men riktar sig till föräldrar som har ungdomar placerade i institutionsvård. Förutsättningarna för Komet inom SiS (Statens institutionsstyrelse) skiljer sig åt framför allt genom att ungdomarna redan har etablerade allvarliga beteendeproblem, samt att föräldrar och barn bor åtskilda, ofta långt från varandra [5] [6].

Komet 3–11 utvecklades och implementerades i Sverige i början av 2000-talet, och anpassningarna av Komet för andra målgrupper utvecklades under de följande åren. Programmen är baserade på beteendeinriktade föräldrastödprogram som Parent Management Training [7] och Parent Management Training Oregon [8] och fokuserar på att öka föräldrarnas positiva interaktion med barnen och ungdomarna genom att umgås, uppmuntra positivt beteende, lyssna och bekräfta, men också att införa regler och gränssättning.Grundmaterial och exempel ser olika ut beroende på målgrupp, men ges som regel i runt tio träffar i grupper på mellan fem och tio föräldrar, och är uppbyggt kring videofilmer, rollspel och hemuppgifter.

Frågeställning och avgränsningar

Upplysningstjänsten har tillsammans med frågeställaren formulerat frågan enligt följande PICO1:

1. PICO är en förkortning för patient/population/problem, intervention/index test, comparison/control (jämförelseintervention) och outcome (utfallsmått).

Upplysningstjänsten har gjort sökningar (Bilaga 1) i databaserna MedLine, Scopus, PsycInfo, Criminal Justice Abstracts och SOCINDEX, samt i INAHTA2:s databas för HTA3 -rapporter. Vi har även handsökt publikationer på webbsidor för regionala HTA-organisationer och myndigheter.

2. International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) 

3. Utvärdeing av hälso- och sjukvårdens (och i SBU:s fall socialtjänstens) metoder (eng. Health Technology Assessment)

Upplysningstjänsten inkluderar artiklar publicerade i vetenskapliga tidskrifter samt systematiska översikter och rapporter från myndigheter och HTA-organisationer, som är publicerade på engelska eller ett av de skandinaviska språken.

Resultat från sökningen

Upplysningstjänstens litteratursökning genererade totalt 3 197 artikelsammanfattningar (abstrakt) efter dubblettkontroll. Ett flödesschema för urvalsprocessen visas i Bilaga 2. En utredare på SBU läste alla artikelsammanfattningar och bedömde att 32 systematiska översikter och 14 artiklar från primärstudier kunde vara relevanta för frågan. Dessa artiklar lästes i fulltext av en utredare och de artiklar som inte var relevanta för frågan exkluderades. Ytterligare en utredare kontrollerade osäkra bedömningar av artikelsammanfattningar och fulltexter. Exkluderade artiklar finns listade i Bilaga 3.

Upplysningstjänsten fann ingen systematisk översikt som var relevant för denna fråga och därför redovisas inga resultat eller slutsatser i detta svar. De vanligaste exklusionsorsakerna var antingen att fel intervention undersökts eller att populationen inte inkluderade eller särredovisade placerade ungdomar.

I svaret listas två artiklar från primärstudier som är relevanta för frågan men som inte bedömts med avseende på risk för bias. Båda artiklarna är baserade på samma studie och deltagare.
Primärstudier bedöms inte för risk för bias av SBU:s upplysningstjänst eftersom det ställer krav på sakkunskap inom forskningsområdet. Det är därför möjligt att flera av de relevanta primärstudier som inkluderats i svaret kan ha högre risk för bias än de studier som SBU inkluderar i andra rapporter.

Primärstudier

SBU:s upplysningstjänst identifierade två artiklar som undersökt Parent Management Training Oregon för placerade barn och ungdomar som delvis överensstämmer med åldersintervallet i Upplysningstjänstens frågeställning [9] [10]. Båda artiklarna är baserade på samma studie och deltagare, och presenterar effekten av insatsen sex respektive tolv månader efter avslutad behandling. För dessa har inte risken för bias bedömts och av det skälet finns inte resultat eller slutsatser beskrivna i text eller tabell.

Tabell 1 Relevanta primärstudier (risk för bias har inte bedömts för dessa)/Table 1 Relevant primary studies (not assessed for risk of bias).
CAFAS = Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale; SSIS = The Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales; FIT = Family Interaction Task; NCFAS = North Carolina Family Assessment Scale
Included references Population
Setting		 Intervention
Control		 Outome measures
Akin et al, 2019 [9]
Randomized trial of PMTO in foster care: Six-month child well-being outcomes.		 918 children (3–16) entering or re-entering foster care and identified as having emotional and/or behavioral problems. United States Intervention:
Parent Management Training Oregon delivered in-home to individual families. Two 60–90 min sessions and one shorter follow-up per week.
Both parent-only and family sessions.
Control: Service as usual		 Child outcomes: Social-emotional functioning (CAFAS)
Problem behaviors
(SSIS)
Child social skills (SSIS)
Akin et al, 2018 [10] Randomized trial of PMTO in foster care: 12-month child well-being, parenting, and caregiver functioning outcomes Same as above Same as above Same as above, and:
Parenting outcomes:
Effective parenting (FIT)
Caregiver functioning:
Parent mental health; parent substance use; parent use of social supports; readiness for reunification (NCFAS)

Vetenskapliga kunskapsluckor

Enligt SBU:s modell innebär en vetenskaplig kunskapslucka att det saknas evidens för vilken sammanvägd effekt en metod eller insats har, det vill säga kunskap från en systematisk översikt (Faktaruta 2).

SBU:s upplysningstjänst har efter litteratursökning identifierat två relevanta primärstudier men ingen systematisk översikt. För att besvara Upplysningstjänstens fråga behövs en välgjord systematisk översikt som identifierar alla relevanta primärstudier och väger samman resultaten.

Projektgrupp

Detta svar är sammanställt av Emma Palmqvist Wojda (utredare), Idha Kurtsdotter (utredare), Sara Fundell (projektadministratör), Irene Edebert (produktsamordnare), Maral Jolstedt (intern sakkunnig) samt Pernilla Östlund (avdelningschef) vid SBU.

Referenser

  1. Socialstyrelsen. Statistik om socialtjänstinsatser till barn och unga 2021. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2022. Artikelnummer 2022-9-8096. [accessed Jun 26 2023]. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/statistik-och-data/statistik/alla-statistikamnen/barn-och-ungdom/.
  2. Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS). SiS årliga statistik. Solna: Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS); 2022. [accessed Nov 17 2022. Available from: https://www.stat-inst.se/publikationer/sis-arliga-statistik/.
  3. Socialstyrelsen. Metodguiden: Komet för föräldrar med barn 3-11 år. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen; 2021. [updated Sep 13 2021; accessed Jun 26 2023]. Available from: https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/kunskapsstod-och-regler/omraden/barn-och-unga/unga-som-begar-brott/exempel-brottsforebyggande-metoder/komet/.
  4. Komet 12-18 år. Skellefteå: Myndigheten för familjerätt och föräldraskapsstöd (MFOF); 2022. [updated Oct 26 2022; accessed Jun 26 2023]. Available from: https://mfof.se/foraldraskapsstod/program-och-metoder-for-foraldraskapsstod---soksida/fss-program/2022-10-26-komet-12-18-ar.html.
  5. Ponnert L. Komet på särskilda ungdomshem. Solna: Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS); 2012. Institutionsvård i Fokus/Forskningsrapport 8 2012. [accessed Jun 23 2023]. Available from: https://www.stat-inst.se/webbshop/8-2012-komet-pa-sarskilda-ungdomshem/.
  6. Ponnert L, Svensson K. Att starta ett program. Första stegen i arbetet med SiS-Komet. Solna: Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS); 2008. SiS följer upp och utvecklar 4/08. [accessed Jun 26 2023]. Available from: https://www.stat-inst.se/webbshop/408-att-starta-ett-program.-forsta-stegen-i-arbetet-med-sis-komet/.
  7. Kazdin AE. Parent management training: evidence, outcomes, and issues. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(10):1349-56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199710000-00016.
  8. Dishion T, Forgatch M, Chamberlain P, Pelham WE, 3rd. The Oregon Model of Behavior Family Therapy: From Intervention Design to Promoting Large-Scale System Change. Behav Ther. 2016;47(6):812-37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.002.
  9. Akin BA, Lang K, McDonald TP, Yan Y, Little T. Randomized trial of PMTO in foster care: Six-month child well-being outcomes. Res Soc Work Pract. 2019;29(2):206-22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731516669822.
  10. Akin BA, Lang K, Yan Y, McDonald TP. Randomized trial of PMTO in foster care: 12-month child well-being, parenting, and caregiver functioning outcomes. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;95:49-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.10.018.

Bilaga 1 Dokumentation av sökstrategier

Medline via OvidSP 9 Jun 2023

Title: Parent management training for parents of adolescents in residential care
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; exp= Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract; .tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation; .af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other.; * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention: Parent management training
1. Parenting/ 21 105
2. (parent* adj2 (program* or training* or management or intervention*)).ab,bt,kf,ti. 10 673
3. (komet or comet).ab,bt,kf,ti. 15 130
4. or/1-4 44 177
Setting: Residential care
5. Custodial Care/ 190
6. Involuntary Treatment/ 121
7. Residential Treatment/ 3307
8. Involuntary Commitment/ 72
9. Coercion/ 5021
10. exp Correctional Facilities/ 11 337
11. Foster Home Care/ 3885
12. Group Homes/ 1024
13. Orphanages/ 489
14. (involuntary or non voluntary or detention or detain* or correctional or forensic or prison* or incarce* or custod* or coerc* or restraint or institutionali*).ab,kf,ti,bt. 156 526
15. ((forced or forcibl* or compulsory or mandatory or mandated or institution* or residential or locked) adj4 (care or treat* or setting* or hospitali* or psychiatr* or unit* or ward* or admission or admit* or commit*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 66 893
16. ((foster or group or placement) adj3 (care or home*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 26 684
17. or/5-16 257 314
Combined sets:
18. 4 and 17 1290
Final result
    1290

Scopus via scopus.com 9 Jun 2023

Title: Parent management training for parents of adolescents in residential care
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords);ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words.; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range.; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention: Parent management training
1. ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( parent* W/1 ( program* OR training OR management OR intervention* ) ) OR komet OR comet ) ) 60 196
Setting: Residential care
2. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) W/3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR psychiatry* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* ) ) 123 862
3. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR prison* OR incarce* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR restraint) 556 717
4. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) W/2 ( care OR home* ) ) 52 404
5. 2 OR 3 OR 4 716 374
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 5 1079
Final result
    1079

PSYCINFO via EBSCO 9 Jun 2023

Title: Parent management training for parents of adolescents in residential care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention Parent management training
1. TI ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) OR AB ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) OR SU ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) 19 169
Setting: Residential care
2. (DE "Involuntary Treatment") OR (DE "Residential Care Institutions") OR (DE "Correctional Institutions") 16 323
3. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 168 361
4. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 22 657
5. 2 OR 3 OR 4 186 790
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 5 1205
Final result
    1205

SOCIndex via EBSCO 9 Jun2023

Title: Parent management training for parents of adolescents in residential care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention: Parent management training
1. TI ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) OR AB ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) OR SU ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) )  
Setting: Residential care
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 133 997
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 12 109
4. 2 OR 3 143 260
Combined sets:
5. 1 AND 4 546
Final result
    546

Criminal Justice Abstracts via EBSCO 9 Jun 2023

Title: Parent management training for parents of adolescents in residential care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Intervention: Parent management training
1. TI ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) OR AB ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) OR SU ( ((parent* N1 (program* OR training OR management OR intervention*)) OR komet OR comet) ) 1602
Setting: Residential care
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institutional OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 100 380
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 3476
4. 2 OR 3 102 976
Combined sets:
5. 1 AND 4 256
Final result
    256

Sökning B: Medline via OvidSP 27 Jan 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
/ = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary; .sh = Term from the MeSH controlled vocabulary exp= Term from MeSH including terms found below this term in the MeSH hierarchy; .ti,ab = Title or abstract;.tw = Title or abstract; .kf = Keywords; .kw = Keywords, exact; .bt = Book title. NLM Bookshelf.; .pt = Publication type; .ja = Journal abbreviation; .af = All fields; adjn = Adjacent. Proximity operator retrieving adjacent words, adj3 retrieves records with search terms within two terms from each other. * or $ = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. Minors/ 2787
2. Adolescent/ 2 200 267
3. Young Adult/ 1 003 438
4. Child/ 1 885 456
5. Adolescent, Institutionalized/ 148
6. Child, Institutionalized/ 1937
7. Child, Foster/ 183
8. (adolescent* or young or youth or teenage* or juvenile or minor* or child or children or boy* or girl*).ab,kf,ti,bt. 2 543 392
9. or/1-8 4 758 456
Setting: Youth care
10. Custodial Care/ 190
11. Involuntary Treatment/ 121
12. Residential Treatment/ 3308
13. Involuntary Commitment/ 72
14. Coercion/ 5021
15. exp Correctional Facilities/ 11 330
16. Foster Home Care/ 3864
17. Group Homes/ 1019
18. Orphanages/ 488
19. (involuntary or non voluntary or detention or detain* or correctional or forensic or prison* or incarce* or custod* or coerc* or restraint or institutionali*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 156 251
20. (((forced or forcibl* or compulsory or mandatory or mandated or institution* or residential or locked) adj4 (care or treat* or setting* or hospitali* or psychiatr* or unit* or ward* or admission or admit* or commit*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 66 782
21. ((foster or group or placement) adj3 (care or home*)).ab,kf,ti,bt. 26 024
22. Or/10-21 252 293
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
23. ((Systematic Review/ or Meta-Analysis/ or Cochrane Database Syst Rev.ja. or ((systematic adj4 review) or "meta analys*" or metaanalys*).ti,bt,ab.) not (editorial/ or letter/ or case reports/))  
Combined sets:
24. 9 and 22 and 23 1054
Final result

Scopus via scopus.com 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TITLE-ABS-KEY = Title, abstract or keywords (including indexed keywords and author keywords);ALL = All fields; W/n = Within. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; PRE/n = Precedes by. Proximity operator, the first term in the search must precede the second by n words.; LIMIT-TO (X) = Includes only results of specified type, e.g., publication type or time range.; DOCTYPE = Publication type; “re” = review; “le” = letter; “ed” = editorial; “ch” = book chapter; “cp” = conference proceedings; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child OR children OR boy* OR girl* ) 6 915 331
Setting: Youth care
2. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) W/3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR psychiatr* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* ) ) 122 839
3. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR prison* OR incarce* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR restraint) 543 327
4. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) W/2 ( care OR home* ) ) 51 018
5. 2 OR 3 OR 4 700 221
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
6. TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( systematic W/2 review ) OR "meta analy*" OR metaanaly* ) AND (EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “le”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ed”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “ch”) OR EXCLUDE (DOCTYPE, “cp”))  
Combined sets:
7. 1 AND 5 AND 6 1933
Final result
    1933

PSYCINFO via EBSCO 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. AG (adolescence OR "school age" OR "young adulthood") 1 116 135
2. TI ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR AB ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR SU ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) 1 415 128
3. 1 OR 2 1 860 619
Setting: Youth care
4. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 166 031
5. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 22 283
6. 4 OR 5 184 152
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
7. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
8. 3 AND 6 AND 7 888
Final result
    888

SocIndex via EBSCO 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. TI ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR AB ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR SU ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) 473 825
Setting: Youth care
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 133 347
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 12 012
4. 2 OR 3 142 503
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 4 AND 5 319
Final result
    319

Criminal Justice Abstracts via EBSCO 27 January 2023

Title: Adolescents in care
TI = Title; AB = Abstract; SU = Keyword, exact or part (including all other fields for indexed and author keywords); DE = Exact keyword; TX = All text; MR = Methodology; Nn = Near. Proximity operator retrieving terms within n words from each other.; * = Truncation; “ “ = Citation Marks; searches for an exact phrase
Search terms Items found
Population: Adolescents
1. TI ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR AB ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) OR SU ( ( adolescent* OR young OR youth OR teenage* OR juvenile OR minor* OR child* ) ) 134 857
Setting: Youth care
2. TI ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( forced OR forcibl* OR compulsory OR mandatory OR mandated OR institution* OR residential OR locked ) N3 ( care OR treat* OR setting* OR hospitali* OR unit* OR ward* OR admission OR admit* OR commit* OR psychiatr* ) ) ) OR TI ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain* ) ) OR SU ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*) ) OR AB ( ( involuntary OR "non voluntary" OR detention OR detain* OR correctional OR forensic* OR custod* OR coerc* OR institutionali* OR prison* OR incarc* OR restrain*)) 98 888
3. TI ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR AB ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) OR SU ( ( ( foster OR group OR placement ) N2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) 3461
4. 2 OR 3 101 474
Study types: systematic reviews and meta-analysis
5. TI((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR AB((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR SU((systematic N3 review) OR "meta analys*" OR metaanalys*) OR (MR "Systematic Review" OR MR "meta analysis")  
Combined sets:
6. 1 AND 4 AND 5 246
Final result
    246

Bilaga 2 Flödesschema för urval av artiklar.

Av 3197 abstrakt granskades 46 i fulltext, varav 44 exkluderades. Två artiklar från primärstudier inkluderades men har inte granskats för risk för bias.

Bilaga 3 Exkluderade artiklar.

Artiklar som exkluderats efter fulltextläsning på grund av bristande relevans
Excluded articles Reason for exclusion
Systematic reviews 
Dishion T, Forgatch M, Chamberlain P, Pelham WE, 3rd. The Oregon Model of Behavior Family Therapy: From Intervention Design to Promoting Large-Scale System Change. Behav Ther. 2016;47(6):812-37. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.002. Wrong publication type No separate reporting of relevant setting
Woolfenden SR, Williams K, Peat J. Family and parenting interventions in children and adolescents with conduct disorder and delinquency aged 10-17. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;2001(2):CD003015. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003015. Setting not specified No separate reporting of relevant interventions
Woolfenden SR, Williams K, Peat JK. Family and parenting interventions for conduct disorder and delinquency: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arch Dis Child. 2002;86(4):251-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.86.4.251. Same study as above
Primary studies 
Akin BA, Lang K, McDonald TP, Yan Y, Little T. Randomized Study of PMTO in Foster Care. Res Soc Work Pract. 2018;28(7):810-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731517703746. Wrong outcomes
Alfredsson EK, Thorvaldsson V, Axberg U, Broberg AG. Parenting programs during adolescence: Outcomes from universal and targeted interventions offered in real-world settings. Scand J Psychol. 2018;59(4):378-91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12446. Wrong setting
Allgurin M, Enell S. Battling parenting: The consequences of secure Allgurin M, Enell S. Battling parenting: The consequences of secure care interventions on parents. Child Fam Soc Work. 2023;28(1):108-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12945. Wrong study design Wrong outcomes
Bank L, Marlowe JH, Reid JB, Patterson GR, Weinrott MR. A comparative evaluation of parent-training interventions for families of chronic delinquents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1991;19(1):15-33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00910562. Wrong setting
Barkan SE, Salazar AM, Estep K, Mattos LM, Eichenlaub C, Haggerty KP. Barkan SE, Salazar AM, Estep K, Mattos LM, Eichenlaub C, Haggerty KP. Adapting an evidence-based parenting program for child welfare involved teens and their caregivers. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2014;41:53-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.006. Wrong population
Jalling C, Bodin M, Romelsjo A, Kallmen H, Durbeej N, Tengstrom A. Parent Programs for Reducing Adolescent's Antisocial Behavior and Substance Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Child Fam Stud. 2016;25:811-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0263-y. Wrong setting
Shafiee-Kandjani AR, Noorazar G, Shahrokhi H, Nazari MA, Farhang S. Effect of Parent Management Training on Attention, Response Prevention, Impulsivity and Vigilance of Boys with Attention Deficient/Hyperactive Disorder. Iran J Psychiatr Behav Sci. 2017;11(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.4834. Wrong setting
Smagner JP, Sullivan MH. Investigating the Effectiveness of Behavioral Parent Training With Involuntary Clients in Child Welfare Settings. Res Soc Work Pract. 2005;15(6):431-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731505276994. Wrong population
Steele H, Murphy A, Bonuck K, Meissner P, Steele M. Randomized control trial report on the effectiveness of Group Attachment-Based Intervention (GABI(c)): Improvements in the parent-child relationship not seen in the control group. Dev Psychopathol. 2019;31(1):203-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579418001621. Wrong population
Storer HL, Barkan SE, Sherman EL, Haggerty KP, Mattos LM. Promoting Relationship Building and Connection: Adapting an Evidence-Based Parenting Program for Families Involved in the Child Welfare System. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012;34(9):1853-61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.017. Wrong intervention
Tanana MJ, Kuo PB. A propensity score matched pair outcome evaluation of a parenting program for dually involved youth. J Public Child Welf. 2022:1-18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2022.2131028. Wrong setting
Yan Y, De Luca S. Heterogeneity of treatment effects of PMTO in foster care: A latent profile transition analysis. J Child Fam Stud. 2021;30(1):17-28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01798-y. Wrong outcomes

 

Sökning B - Artiklar som exkluderats efter fulltextläsning på grund av bristande relevans
Excluded articles Reason for exclusion
Ahankari AS, Wray J, Jomeen J, Hayter M. The effectiveness of combined alcohol and sexual risk taking reduction interventions on the sexual behaviour of teenagers and young adults: a systematic review. Public Health. 2019;173. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.023. Wrong population Wrong intervention
Armelius B-Å, Andreassen TH. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Antisocial Behavior in Youth in Residential Treatment. Campbell Syst Rev. 2007;3(1):1-57. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2007.8. Wrong intervention
Beaudry G, Yu R, Perry AE, Fazel S. Effectiveness of psychological interventions in prison to reduce recidivism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(9):759-73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00170-X. Wrong intervention
Brazão N, da Motta C, Rijo D. From multimodal programs to a new cognitive–interpersonal approach in the rehabilitation of offenders. Aggression Violent Behav. 2013;18(6):636-43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.018. Wrong intervention
Davis JP. Effect of mindfulness based relapse prevention on developmental trends, stress, and substance use among young adults in residential substance use treatment: A randomized controlled trial. ProQuest Information & Learning; 2019. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences. Wrong publication type, dissertation Wrong intervention
De Swart JJW, Van den Broek H, Stams GJJM, Asscher JJ, Van der Laan PH, Holsbrink-Engels GA, et al. The effectiveness of institutional youth care over the past three decades: A meta-analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2012;34(9):1818-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.015. Wrong intervention
Donkoh C, Underhill K, Montgomery P. Independent Living Programmes for Improving Outcomes for Young People Leaving the Care System. Campbell Syst Rev. 2006;2(1):1-34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2006.8. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Doucet MM, Greeson JKP, Eldeeb N. Independent living programs and services for youth 'aging out' of care in Canada and the US: A systematic review. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2022;142. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106630. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Eadeh H-M, Breaux R, Nikolas MA. A meta-analytic review of emotion regulation focused psychosocial interventions for adolescents. Clin Child Family Psychol Rev. 2021;24(4):684-706. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00362-4. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Elliott L, Orr L, Watson L, Jackson A. Secondary prevention interventions for young drug users: a systematic review of the evidence. Adolescence. 2005;40(157):1-22. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Everson-Hock ES, Jones R, Guillaume L, Clapton J, Duenas A, Goyder E, et al. Supporting the transition of looked-after young people to independent living: a systematic review of interventions and adult outcomes. Child Care Health Dev. 2011;37(6):767-79. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01287.x. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Gagnon JC, Benedick AR, Mason-Williams L. Mental health interventions for youth who are incarcerated: A systematic review of literature. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2022;92(4):391-404. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000587. Wrong intervention
Gagnon JC, Ruiz E, Mathur SR, Mason-Williams L. Interventions addressing incarcerated youth behavior: A review of literature. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2022;92(4):405-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000621. Wrong intervention
Grietens H, Hellinckx W. Evaluating effects of residential treatment for juvenile offenders by statistical metaanalysis: A review. Aggression Violent Behav. 2004;9(4):401-15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(03)00043-0. Wrong publication type Wrong intervention
Hambrick EP, Oppenheim-Weller S, N'Zi A M, Taussig HN. Mental Health Interventions for Children in Foster Care: A Systematic Review. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2016;70:65-77. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.002. Wrong population Wrong intervention
Hammarstrom S, Stenqvist K, Lindroth M. Sexual health interventions for young people in state care: a systematic review. Scand J Public Health. 2018;46(8):817-34. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818783077. Wrong intervention
Howey W, Lundahl B, Assadollahi A. Effectiveness of Residential Treatment for Juveniles with Problematic Sexual Behavior: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23):24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315625. Wrong intervention
James S, Alemi Q, Zepeda V. Effectiveness and implementation of evidence-based practices in residential care settings. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2013;35(4):642-56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.01.007. Wrong intervention
Jones C, Nonas-Barnes L. Effectiveness of Skills Groups for Adolescents in Correctional Settings: A Scientific Systematic Review. Columbia Social Work Review (Columbia University School of Social Work). 2017;8. Wrong intervention
Kemmis-Riggs J, Dickes A, McAloon J. Program Components of Psychosocial Interventions in Foster and Kinship Care: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Family Psychol Rev. 2018;21(1):13-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0247-0. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Kvamme LS, Waaler P, Helland SS, Kjobli J. Striving for Happily Ever After: Supportive Interventions for Youth Leaving Residential Placement. A Systematic Review of Reviews. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2022;27(4):389-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12507. Wrong publication type Wrong intervention Wrong population
Lanier P, Jensen T, Bryant K, Chung G, Rose R, Smith Q, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of children’s behavioral health interventions in psychiatric residential treatment facilities. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;113. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104951. Wrong intervention
Leipoldt JD, Harder AT, Kayed NS, Grietens H, Rimehaug T. Determinants and outcomes of social climate in therapeutic residential youth care: A systematic review. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2019;99:429-40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.010. Wrong focus
MacLean S, Cameron J, Harney A, Lee NK. Psychosocial therapeutic interventions for volatile substance use: a systematic review. Addiction. 2012;107(2):278-88. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03650.x. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Mak C, Whittingham K, Cunnington R, Boyd RN. Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Attention and Executive Function in Children and Adolescents—a Systematic Review. Mindfulness. 2018;9(1):59-78. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0770-6. Wrong intervention Wrong population
Reitzel LR, Carbonell JL. The effectiveness of sexual offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: a meta-analysis. Sex Abuse. 2006;18(4):401-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/107906320601800407. Wrong intervention
Robert A, Illa JM, Navarro ME. La comunidad terapéutica para los trastornos por uso de sustancias en adolescentes. Trastor Adict. 2012;14(4):112-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1575-0973(12)70054-5. Wrong language - spanish
Salas AP. Effectiveness of aggression replacement training on the treatment of adolescent aggression: A meta-analysis. 2020. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. Wrong publication type – dissertation Wrong intervention
Tripodi SJ, Bender K. Substance abuse treatment for juvenile offenders: A review of quasi-experimental and experimental research. Journal of Criminal Justice. 2011;39(3):246-52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2011.02.007. Wrong intervention