Diagnosis and treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia

The estimated incidence of psychosis in the population is 0.5–0.7 percent. Psychosis is characterised by a changed perception of reality and diminished functional ability which often leads to deterioration in social support. Of the psychotic diseases, the most serious diagnosis is schizophrenia.  Men are usually afflicted earlier in life than women. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation of symptoms and the course of events and provides the basis of a treatment plan. Treatment, both acute and in the longer term where required, comprises various strategies such as medication, treatment by a psychologist and psychosocial intervention. Treatment planning, which is done in consultation with the patient, is based on the individual patient’s needs, with the aim of reducing symptoms, alleviating suffering and if possible improving the level of function and quality of life. In cases where schizophrenia occurs in association with other psychiatric conditions e.g. depression and drug dependence and also somatic illness such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, particular thoroughness in clinical evaluation and treatment is required.

In most patients, the course of the disease is likely to be prolonged, with serious episodes which lead to further loss of function. Treatment intended to prevent relapse is most important in order to maintain stability in the patient’s everyday life. Early diagnosis and treatment play an important role in the development of the disease. During the past ten years, there has been special emphasis on preventive strategies and interventions.

The aim of the project is to systematically compile currently available knowledge about treatment of psychoses/schizophrenia with antipsychotic medication, and side effects associated with various pharmaceuticals.